Surgical Treatment of Ear Disease
Background
Infections and other diseases of the ear are some of the most common ailments treated by veterinarians. Most of the time, they are able to be treated and controlled with medication. However, when medication becomes ineffective, surgery must be considered.
Anatomy
The ear has four main parts;
* pinna or (ear flap)
* canal (vertical and horizontal)
* tympanic cavity (or bulla)
* inner ear (not pictured)
Ear Canal Disease
Moisture in the ear canal promotes yeast and bacterial growth leading to infection, foul odor, and pain. Hanging ear flaps, canal hair, skin allergies, parasites, tumors and birth defects can contribute to infection. Over time, even with the most fastidious ear care, many dogs develop chronic changes which medication cannot resolve.
Chronic Changes
Long standing and recurrent ear infections results in three important changes;
* thickening of the ear canal (which blocks the opening)
* deep infection of the tympanic cavity
* resistance to many common antibiotics
As a result of these changes, medical treatment becomes ineffective.
Surgery of the Ear Canal
When medical treatment fails, surgery becomes the only hope for resolution of ear disease. Success with surgery of the ear canal is as high as 92% depending on the type of procedure, skill of the surgeon, concurrent disease, severity of ear disease, prior ear surgery and overall health of the pet.
Four surgical procedures are available for the treatment of ear disease;
* Lateral Ear Canal Resection
* Vertical Ear Canal Resection
* Ventral Bulla Osteotomy
* Total Ear Canal Ablation with Lateral Bulla Osteotomy (TECA)
The appropriate procedure is chosen based upon the severity and nature of ear disease. TECA is the most commonly performed procedure in the case of long standing disease. When TECA is performed, the entire ear canal is removed and the tympanic cavity is opened and cleansed. TECA is described in further detail below.
As with any surgical procedure, general anesthesia is required. Fortunately, risk of anesthetic complications is rare in otherwise healthy pets, regardless of age.
Total Ear Canal Ablation with Lateral Bulla Osteotomy (TECA)
Information above provided by: Veterinary Surgical Services via the web